All apples (Malus domestica) and cherries (Prunus avium) exported from the United States to Japan undergo quarantine treatments such as fumigation and cold treatment to prevent the transport of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). As an alternative to these treatments, a procedure called the systems approach has been proposed. This approach aims at achieving quarantine security by integrating several protection efforts such as integrated pest management (IPM), postharvest removal of infested fruits, and export sampling inspection of consignments. The inspection suggested in this approach has 2 novel characteristics: (1) the existence of injury marks such as worm holes as well as live insects is used as a basis for the decision to reject the consignment, and (2) the sampling inspection is repeated several times. We propose a method to estimate the efficiency of this plant quarantine inspection, by assuming there is a constant probability that a fruit with injury marks contains live insects. The hypothetical example shows that the efficiency of sampling inspection is considerably improved by using the existence of injury marks. It is, however, suggested that the sampling inspection is not as effective as the quarantine treatments even if the existence of injury marks is used.(Copyright by the Entomological Society of America)